Despite more than three decades of initiatives dedicated to the digitalization of public administration, Romania continues to face fragmented digital governance and insufficient strategic consolidation. This analysis traces the evolution of the institutional architecture of digitalization at the governmental level, with a focus on the successive transformations of coordination structures in this field. Fragmentation is also visible at the sectoral level, with the digitalization of healthcare being an emblematic example: multiple structures coexist without a clear chain of command. International practices from Estonia, France, and the United Kingdom illustrate that digital governance, although it must be adapted to each country’s specific context, shares a common denominator: the need for a strong coordinating structure.
